With so few shrimp, they shouldn't need much/any extra food above the biofilm, but the fish will need sufficient so maybe revert back to a little fish food each day for them!
It still sounds like the shrimp are having molting issues based on the time spacing etc.
Your best bet probably is to restart the tank with everything right from the start! If you can now get GH/KH+ then get that as well, as it will be worth it to make it easier for you. Use RO water plus mineraliser, no CO2 or fertilizers, no rock etc, (plants should be ok to re-use) etc, based on what has been posted on this thread? Keep a thorough record of Everything and when, especially as you still have a PH problem that we haven't got to the bottom of yet with this current setup!
The 2 things I noticed with algae is that it 'blooms' more with natural light and fish waste, if either/both of these have increased that may be your cause? It is summer now where you are? I quite like the algae on the back look of your photo?
Simon