Black Beard Algae is a common problem in aquariums with well-know causes and cures, so I don't think this should be adding too much additional stress to your situation.
One of the causes is excess nutrients in the water, and so this suggests that the overall problem might be water pollution from either overfeeding, or bits of food that settled somewhere. I don't say this with a tone of "ah ha, I know exactly what your problem is", but only as a suggestion for how to approach the situation in terms of "doing things that should be good for the tank regardless". With that said, here is what I would do: (My own tank is starting to have problems with inactive shrimp, so I will end up doing some of these things as well)
Reduce overall feeding, and try to limit to foods that won't get everywhere and even if it did would not decay. So for example, spinach leaf instead of Shrimp Baby.
Maybe increase water change frequency, but be careful to drip it back in slowly. As for your TDS issue, I would only compare input water TDS to tank water TDS.
Occasional H2O2 dose (the food grade version, lol)