I don't want to jump to conclusions without additional evidence.
But the photo seems to show traits of bacteria attacking the carapace (shell) of the shrimp. Like Chitinolytic bacterial disease (Rust disease). I'm not saying it 100% is Chitinolytic bacterial disease. Just keep an eye on the surviving shrimps. Check for any that might have these darkening spots on the exterior.
You can read more about it here on our forum ...
Avoid transfer of water or decorations between tanks. Don't share nets or tools between tanks. Just in case.
It can be harder to spot on dark coloured shrimp, a torchlight can help spot discolourations.
If you see any that have it, I suggest an immediate tank rebuild with new substrate. Move any shrimps into a temporary container/tank while rebuilding the main tank. This all assumes it is Chitinolytic bacterial disease, but like I said, i don't want to jump to that conclusion yet, not until you find more shrimps with the same dark spots on their shell.
Full tank rebuild is the first step. If it continues after a full rebuild, then you might have to go to using one of the remedies in the Disease and Diagnostics thread posted above.
Possible causes of Chitinolytic bacterial disease? It's unproven ... yet. I don't have the tools to determine how the shrimps get this bacterial infection. And I am not going to subject my shrimps to an experiment even if I have unproven theories.
However, my unproven theories revolve around :
the use of bacteria in a bottle products. They are not all the right Nitrobacter or Nitrosomonas bacteria in those bottles.
pH too low. That's why I asked what kit you use. Sera pH test kit goes down as low as 4.5. But some kits don't go that low, and the real pH reading could be a lot lower than the minimum reading the kit is capable of. Even your 5.5 pH could be too low. It would not hurt the shrimp if you move your pH to 6.0. That might be something to try.
Temps too hot.
You have 2 out of the 3 points. Your temps seem to be okay at 23degC.
So maybe lay off the bacteria products, and raise pH a little, and water changes! Don't be slack with water changes.