Thanks for the reply.
There are 9 other shrimp and the tank is only 24L (6 gallons). As expected, the other two shrimp that I said were being "quiet" last time did indeed molt and after about 12 more hours, returned to activity. (How long do shrimp usually stay quiet before and after molting anyway?) So therefore "everybody else is doing fine" and I have no idea why this one guy died.
The tank temperature has been between 66-70F.
In cases like this, all I can do is compare to what is different than everybody else, and it is that I did not feed shrimp-specific food for a long time. So maybe there is some nutrient deficiency... On the other hand, all the other shrimp grew up fine, so...
The way I feed shrimp is to put in a dish, and then use a 1/2" diameter clear plastic tube and put one end in the dish and the other end sticking out of the water. Then I grind up some shrimp pellet food and dump it in the tube. That way, all the crumbs drift down and into the dish instead of getting all over the tank.
This last week the shrimp have been more active than usual, in that they are grazing and quickly moving, instead of grazing and staying in one spot. So maybe the tank is running low on biofilm? There is still a lot of algae on the glass and on the plants, but the shrimp don't seem to want to eat those - maybe it is the wrong kind of algae.